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Colonna di Marco Aurelio, Rome

This column was erected between 176 and 193 after the death of Marcus Aurelius (161-80), in honour of his victories over the barbarian tribes of the Danube. He died at the front of the plague. Marco Aurelio's column depicts the significant episodes in his wars with low relief carvings arranged in a spiral. In 1589 Pope Sixtus V replaced the statue of the Emperor on the top of the column with a statue of S. Paul.